In many cases, courts can consider evidence that goes back many years, and they may also consider evidence from other countries, but it depends on the type of case, the relevance of the evidence, and the laws of the country where the proceedings are taking place.

How far back can evidence go?

There is no universal rule that evidence is “too old.” Courts are generally interested in whether the evidence is:

• Relevant to the issues in the case.
• Reliable and authentic.
• Admissible under the rules of evidence.
• Helpful in establishing a pattern of behaviour, motive, intent, or credibility (where the law allows).

For example:

• In family court, a history of domestic abuse or coercive control from many years earlier may be relevant if it helps explain the relationship or ongoing risk.
• In criminal cases, older evidence may be admitted if it is relevant and permitted under the applicable rules.
• In civil cases, while there are limitation periods for bringing many claims, evidence from before that period can sometimes still be relevant to the issues being decided.

Can courts use evidence from other countries?

Yes. Courts frequently consider evidence originating from other countries, such as:

• Police reports.
• Court judgments and orders.
• Medical records.
• Psychological or psychiatric reports.
• Financial documents.
• Emails, text messages, and social media communications.
• Witness statements.

The court will consider whether the evidence is genuine, relevant, and complies with its procedural rules. In some cases, documents may need to be translated by a certified translator or formally authenticated.

Domestic abuse cases

In domestic abuse cases, it is common for courts to look at the whole pattern of behaviour, even if incidents occurred over many years or in different countries. Evidence from previous proceedings, police reports, or professional assessments may help provide context, although the weight given to each piece of evidence will depend on the circumstances and the court.

If your situation involves abuse that occurred in France and Spain, with legal proceedings in another country, it’s important to obtain advice from a lawyer experienced in cross-border cases. They can advise on which foreign documents are admissible and how best to present them.

Ultimately, courts are less concerned with where evidence comes from than with whether it is relevant, reliable, and lawfully obtained.