One of the most important lessons I have learned is that justice is not built on rumours, opinions or assumptions. It is built on evidence. Evidence that can be examined. Evidence that can be challenged. Evidence that can be tested in a court of law. In my case, there were two criminal convictions in the Criminal… Read More Facts, Evidence and the Rule of Law
In many cases, courts can consider evidence that goes back many years, and they may also consider evidence from other countries, but it depends on the type of case, the relevance of the evidence, and the laws of the country where the proceedings are taking place. How far back can evidence go? There is no universal rule… Read More How far back can evidence go?
In Spain, if an appeal against a criminal conviction is refused, the consequences depend on which court heard the case and which level of appeal has been exhausted. Generally: Can there be further appeals? Sometimes, yes, but only in limited circumstances. Depending on the case, there may be: If all appeals fail Once all available… Read More Domestic violence convictions in Spain
When an appeal against a criminal conviction is dismissed, refused, or thrown out, it generally means the appellate court has decided that the conviction should stand. The exact legal effect depends on the country and the stage of the proceedings, but the following are common outcomes: It’s important to distinguish between different outcomes: If all appeals have been exhausted… Read More The conviction remains valid.
Criminal records can have a significant impact on visas and international travel, but it depends on which country you’re travelling to, the nature of the offence, and the type of visa or entry permission required. Here’s a general overview: Countries where criminal records may affect entry Europe and the Schengen Area For many tourists entering the… Read More Criminal Records
There is a common misconception that restraining orders, protective measures and criminal convictions are handed out without good reason. They are not. Police do not simply issue protective measures because someone asks for one. Courts do not convict people without considering the evidence presented before them. Every case is different, and the legal thresholds vary… Read More Domestic Abuse Cases Are Built on Evidence, Not Assumptions
When a forensic investigation uncovers something unexpected that appears related to a different crime or different case, that’s often called “evidence of other offenses” or, informally, a spillover discovery (sometimes discussed under the legal idea of plain view in some jurisdictions). What usually happens: 1. The examiner documents it If, while lawfully searching for one thing, investigators find evidence of another possible… Read More Cross Over Cases
🧾 1. Forensic report is produced 👉 This report becomes formal legal evidence 👮 2. Case assessment by investigators Once the report is ready: 👉 At this point, cases may be split or expanded into larger investigations. ⚖️ 3. Judicial involvement begins If criminal evidence is found: 👉 Spain uses a judge-led investigative system, not police-only prosecution. 🚨 4. Arrests or… Read More After a forensic report in Spain: step-by-step process
🚨 1. What counts as illegal material Authorities are referring to content such as: Under Spanish law, this is treated as a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code. 👮 2. What happens when a device is reported or seized If police or cybercrime units identify suspicion: 📱 Immediate action: 💻 Forensic examination: Specialist units (cybercrime police) will: 👉… Read More Computer & phone devices containing illegal material (Spain)
1️⃣ A Judge Cannot Sentence You for a Crime Committed in Another Country 👉 Each country has its own legal system, laws, courts, and sentencing powers. If something happened abroad, it must be prosecuted and heard in that country. 2️⃣ Foreign Cases Must Be Tried in the Relevant Country 👉 The case must be heard where the… Read More How Judges Treat History From Another Country
Linda C J Turner | Trauma Therapist & Emotional Healing Specialist 