One of the most important lessons I have learned is that justice is not built on rumours, opinions or assumptions. It is built on evidence. Evidence that can be examined. Evidence that can be challenged. Evidence that can be tested in a court of law. In my case, there were two criminal convictions in the Criminal… Read More Facts, Evidence and the Rule of Law
In many cases, courts can consider evidence that goes back many years, and they may also consider evidence from other countries, but it depends on the type of case, the relevance of the evidence, and the laws of the country where the proceedings are taking place. How far back can evidence go? There is no universal rule… Read More How far back can evidence go?
In Spain, if an appeal against a criminal conviction is refused, the consequences depend on which court heard the case and which level of appeal has been exhausted. Generally: The conviction remains in force. The person continues to have a criminal conviction unless it is overturned by a higher court. The sentence remains enforceable. If there is… Read More Domestic violence convictions in Spain
When an appeal against a criminal conviction is dismissed, refused, or thrown out, it generally means the appellate court has decided that the conviction should stand. The exact legal effect depends on the country and the stage of the proceedings, but the following are common outcomes: The conviction remains valid. It continues to form part of the person’s criminal… Read More The conviction remains valid.
Criminal records can have a significant impact on visas and international travel, but it depends on which country you’re travelling to, the nature of the offence, and the type of visa or entry permission required. Here’s a general overview: Countries where criminal records may affect entry United States – Visa and entry applications ask about criminal… Read More Criminal Records
There is a common misconception that restraining orders, protective measures and criminal convictions are handed out without good reason. They are not. Police do not simply issue protective measures because someone asks for one. Courts do not convict people without considering the evidence presented before them. Every case is different, and the legal thresholds vary… Read More Domestic Abuse Cases Are Built on Evidence, Not Assumptions
When a forensic investigation uncovers something unexpected that appears related to a different crime or different case, that’s often called “evidence of other offenses” or, informally, a spillover discovery (sometimes discussed under the legal idea of plain view in some jurisdictions). What usually happens: 1. The examiner documents it If, while lawfully searching for one thing, investigators find evidence of another possible… Read More Cross Over Cases
🧾 1. Forensic report is produced Specialist cybercrime officers (Policía Nacional or Guardia Civil) analyse devices in a lab They create a forensic report (informe pericial) recovered files chat logs metadata (dates, devices, accounts) links to other users or platforms 👉 This report becomes formal legal evidence 👮 2. Case assessment by investigators Once the report is ready: Officers… Read More After a forensic report in Spain: step-by-step process
🚨 1. What counts as illegal material Authorities are referring to content such as: Child sexual abuse material (CSAM) Grooming conversations involving minors Sexual exploitation content involving children Distribution or possession of such material Under Spanish law, this is treated as a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code. 👮 2. What happens when a device is reported or… Read More Computer & phone devices containing illegal material (Spain)
1️⃣ A Judge Cannot Sentence You for a Crime Committed in Another Country A court only has jurisdiction over crimes committed in its own country. Alleged crimes Investigations Accusationsthat happened in a different country. 👉 Each country has its own legal system, laws, courts, and sentencing powers. If something happened abroad, it must be prosecuted and heard in that country.… Read More How Judges Treat History From Another Country
