In many cases, courts can consider evidence that goes back many years, and they may also consider evidence from other countries, but it depends on the type of case, the relevance of the evidence, and the laws of the country where the proceedings are taking place. How far back can evidence go? There is no universal rule… Read More How far back can evidence go?
In Spain, criminal records are protected by privacy laws. They are not publicly available, and they are not routinely shared with employers, neighbours, or members of the public. Information from the Central Criminal Records Register may be shared only where Spanish law permits. This can include: Within the European Union, criminal record information can also be exchanged between Member States… Read More International agreements.
In Spain, if an appeal against a criminal conviction is refused, the consequences depend on which court heard the case and which level of appeal has been exhausted. Generally: Can there be further appeals? Sometimes, yes, but only in limited circumstances. Depending on the case, there may be: If all appeals fail Once all available… Read More Domestic violence convictions in Spain
When an appeal against a criminal conviction is dismissed, refused, or thrown out, it generally means the appellate court has decided that the conviction should stand. The exact legal effect depends on the country and the stage of the proceedings, but the following are common outcomes: It’s important to distinguish between different outcomes: If all appeals have been exhausted… Read More The conviction remains valid.
Several countries and jurisdictions have introduced schemes inspired by Clare’s Law, although they vary in how much information can be disclosed and who can request it. United Kingdom The UK has the most established system: Canada Several provinces have adopted or proposed Clare’s Law legislation: Australia Countries considering similar laws A number of countries have debated… Read More Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme
Criminal records can have a significant impact on visas and international travel, but it depends on which country you’re travelling to, the nature of the offence, and the type of visa or entry permission required. Here’s a general overview: Countries where criminal records may affect entry Europe and the Schengen Area For many tourists entering the… Read More Criminal Records
There is a common misconception that restraining orders, protective measures and criminal convictions are handed out without good reason. They are not. Police do not simply issue protective measures because someone asks for one. Courts do not convict people without considering the evidence presented before them. Every case is different, and the legal thresholds vary… Read More Domestic Abuse Cases Are Built on Evidence, Not Assumptions
There are sadly many cases where victims disclosed abuse, raised concerns, or were not fully believed or understood until after a serious assault or homicide. Every case is different, but they demonstrate why disclosures should be taken seriously. Some well-known examples include: These cases highlight an important lesson: not every disclosure is ignored, but when warnings… Read More Taking it seriously
Professionals in policing, safeguarding, and forensic psychology look for patterns over time, not single events or impressions. They are essentially trying to separate image from behaviour. Here’s how they typically detect things like grooming patterns, coercive control, and “double life” structures: 1. Grooming patterns (behavioural sequencing) Grooming is not one action — it’s a process. Investigators look for repetition across… Read More “Double life” structures (compartmentalisation)
In cases involving convicted child sexual offenders or individuals who have admitted such behaviour, researchers and forensic psychologists have identified several possible motivations: It is important to recognise that many people who sexually abuse children do not fit the stereotype of a stranger. They are often known to the child or family and may appear caring,… Read More A wedding ring is not evidence that someone is safe
Linda C J Turner | Trauma Therapist & Emotional Healing Specialist 