The Sunk Cost Fallacy: “I’ve Already Invested Too Much”

One of the most powerful psychological barriers to leaving an unhealthy relationship is something economists call the sunk cost fallacy. A sunk cost is anything that has already been invested and cannot be recovered. This may include money, time, emotional energy, years of commitment, shared experiences, a home, a marriage, children, friendships, or dreams for the future. From… Read More The Sunk Cost Fallacy: “I’ve Already Invested Too Much”

Why Do Friends and Family Sometimes Notice a Vindictive Personality Before You Do? The Psychology and Neuroscience Behind Chronic Vindictiveness

One of the questions people often ask after leaving a difficult relationship is: “Why did everyone else seem to notice long before I did?” It is surprisingly common to hear family members, friends, colleagues or even previous partners say, “We saw it years ago.” While this can be painful to hear, psychology offers several explanations for why… Read More Why Do Friends and Family Sometimes Notice a Vindictive Personality Before You Do? The Psychology and Neuroscience Behind Chronic Vindictiveness

The Neuroscience and Psychology of Vindictive Personalities: Why Some People Become Consumed by Bitterness, Revenge and the Success of Others

“Holding onto anger is like drinking poison and expecting the other person to suffer.” While this quote is often attributed to the Buddha, modern neuroscience suggests there is truth behind the sentiment. Chronic bitterness and vindictiveness affect not only relationships but also the brain and body of the person who carries them. Most people experience jealousy,… Read More The Neuroscience and Psychology of Vindictive Personalities: Why Some People Become Consumed by Bitterness, Revenge and the Success of Others

Why Early Treatment for Psychosis Matters: What Happens to the Brain?

Psychosis is a medical emergency, yet many people live with symptoms for months—or even years—before receiving treatment. This period is known as the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). Over the past several decades, researchers have found that the longer psychosis goes untreated, the more difficult recovery can become for many people. Early treatment does not guarantee… Read More Why Early Treatment for Psychosis Matters: What Happens to the Brain?

That reflection captures an experience many people recognize.

“Loneliness does not come from having no people around you, but from being unable to communicate the things that seem important to you.” It suggests that loneliness is not simply the absence of company but the absence of genuine connection. A person can be surrounded by family, friends, or colleagues and still feel profoundly alone… Read More That reflection captures an experience many people recognize.

Why Do Some People Refuse to Help Unless There Is Something in It for Them?

Have you ever met someone who seems incapable of doing anything unless there is a personal reward? They will not volunteer, help a neighbour, support a charity, or even do a favour for family or friends without expecting payment, recognition, or some form of return. They may even discourage others from volunteering, insisting that “nothing… Read More Why Do Some People Refuse to Help Unless There Is Something in It for Them?