A — ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

Statistical test used to compare means across 3+ groups.
👉 Used in research to see if differences are real or random.

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B — Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN)

• Openness
• Conscientiousness
• Extraversion
• Agreeableness
• Neuroticism
  👉 Gold standard for personality measurement.

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C — Cognitive Dissonance (Leon Festinger)

Mental discomfort when beliefs and actions don’t align.
👉 Drives behaviour change or justification.

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D — DSM-5 (Diagnostic Manual)

Used by clinicians to diagnose mental disorders.
👉 The “rulebook” of psychology.

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E — EEG (Electroencephalogram)

Measures electrical brain activity.
👉 Used in sleep, epilepsy, and cognitive research.

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F — fMRI (Functional MRI)

Tracks blood flow in the brain.
👉 Shows which areas activate during tasks/emotions.

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G — General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans Selye)

3 stages of stress:

• Alarm
• Resistance
• Exhaustion

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H — Hare Psychopathy Checklist (Robert D. Hare)

Measures psychopathic traits:

• Lack of empathy
• Manipulation
• Superficial charm
  👉 Used in forensic psychology.

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I — IQ Test (Intelligence Quotient)

Measures cognitive ability (reasoning, memory, problem-solving).

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J — Jungian Archetypes (Carl Jung)

Universal personality patterns:

• Shadow
• Anima/Animus
• Hero
  👉 Powerful for identity + branding content.

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K — Kappa Statistic

Measures agreement between observers.
👉 Used in research reliability.

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L — Likert Scale

Rating scale (e.g., 1–5 strongly disagree → agree).
👉 Used in surveys and psychology studies.

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M — MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)

Clinical personality test.
👉 Used to assess mental health conditions.

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N — Neuroplasticity

Brain’s ability to rewire itself.
👉 Foundation of healing + behaviour change.

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O — Operant Conditioning (B. F. Skinner)

Behaviour shaped by:

• Rewards
• Punishments

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P — Pavlovian Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov)

Learning through association.
👉 Example: triggers in relationships.

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Q — Q-Sort Method

Sorting statements to measure personality traits.

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R — Rorschach Inkblot Test

Projective test using inkblots.
👉 Reveals subconscious patterns.

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S — Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

One of the oldest IQ tests.

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T — T-Test

Compares means between two groups.

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U — Unconscious Mind (Sigmund Freud)

Hidden drivers of behaviour, emotions, desires.

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V — Validity

Does the test measure what it claims?

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W — WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)

Widely used adult IQ test.

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X — Xenophobia Studies

Psychological research into fear of outsiders.

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Y — Yerkes-Dodson Law

Performance vs arousal (stress):

• Too little = low performance
• Optimal = peak
• Too much = burnout

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Z — Zimbardo Prison Experiment (Philip Zimbardo)

Showed how environment shapes behaviour dramatically.