Family relationships can sometimes provide clues, but they should always be considered alongside other evidence and patterns of behaviour.

Ask yourself:

• Has the entire family suddenly cut off all contact with a former partner after a long-term relationship? If so, why?
• Are family members free to form their own opinions, or do they all repeat exactly the same narrative?
• Is there room within the family for different viewpoints, or is disagreement discouraged?
• Does anyone acknowledge the former partner with fairness, or is the subject completely avoided?
• Are family members willing to listen to evidence, or do they dismiss concerns without discussion?
• Does one person appear to control the family’s version of events?
• Are relatives discouraged from speaking privately with the former partner?
• Are people afraid of upsetting one particular family member?
• Do family members avoid certain topics because they fear conflict or repercussions?
• Is there a pattern of protecting one person’s reputation at all costs, even when concerns have been raised?

In healthy families, individuals are generally able to think independently, maintain appropriate relationships, and discuss difficult situations respectfully. While families may choose to support one relative over another, they should also be willing to consider facts, listen openly, and allow each person to form their own views.

Family loyalty is natural, but unquestioning loyalty that prevents honest discussion or ignores credible evidence can make it harder for abuse to be recognised and addressed.