When a domestic violence survivor is considered high-risk, Spanish law allows courts and police to impose enhanced monitoring measures to prevent further abuse and ensure safety. These measures go beyond standard restraining orders.
1. Risk Assessment
- The Juzgado de Violencia sobre la Mujer (Domestic Violence Court) or police assess risk based on:
- History of repeated abuse or threats
- Violations of restraining orders
- Stalking or harassment
- Access to weapons or evidence of severe threats
- Psychological profile of the abuser (narcissistic, coercive, or obsessive behaviour)
- Risk is often assessed using standardized tools like VPR (Valoración de Riesgo Policial) or VRA (Valoración de Riesgo Ajustada).
2. Reporting Obligations
- High-risk abusers may be required to report regularly to the police (daily, weekly, or as determined by the court).
- Failure to comply is a criminal offense and can result in arrest.
- This ensures that authorities know the abuser’s location and can respond quickly if rules are breached.
3. Electronic Monitoring
- GPS or electronic bracelets can be imposed for high-risk offenders.
- Tracks the abuser’s location in real-time to ensure they do not approach the victim, home, workplace, or children.
- Alerts police immediately if the abuser enters restricted zones.
4. Police Supervision
- Police may conduct random check-ins at the abuser’s residence or workplace.
- Victim’s location may also be safeguarded under police protocols.
- In some cases, alarm systems or panic buttons are provided to survivors.
5. Protective Benefits for Survivors
- Immediate response to breaches of protective orders.
- Reduced risk of harassment, stalking, or physical violence.
- Provides legal and psychological reassurance, helping survivors feel safe while the case is ongoing.
6. Implementation
- High-risk monitoring is usually requested by the court or prosecutor.
- Survivors or their lawyers can provide evidence of continued threats or harassment to justify enhanced measures.
- Courts can modify or extend monitoring if risk persists.
Bottom Line:
In Spain, if a domestic violence case is deemed high-risk, the courts and police can impose mandatory reporting, electronic monitoring, and active police supervision to protect the survivor. These measures are legally enforceable, monitored closely, and designed to prevent escalation and ensure safety.
