In Spain, authorised professionals can check a central national system to see the assessed level of violence and abuse risk. Spain is the European gold standard for domestic abuse monitoring.

Here is a clear, accurate explanation of how it works and who can access it:

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🇪🇸 Spain – Who Can Access Domestic Abuse Risk Data (VioGén System)

Spain operates a national domestic violence monitoring system called VioGén, run by the Ministry of the Interior.

It is one of the most advanced domestic abuse risk assessment and monitoring systems in Europe.

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✅ Who CAN Access VioGén?

Access is strictly controlled, but multiple professional sectors CAN view and update risk data.

👮 Police & Guardia Civil — YES

• Full operational access
• Can:
  • View current risk level
  • See history of reports
  • Access risk evolution
  • Apply protective protocols
  • Activate emergency protection
  • Request GPS tagging

👉 This includes:

• National Police
• Guardia Civil
• Local Police forces integrated into the system

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⚖ Courts & Judges — YES

• Direct judicial access
• Can:
  • See full abuse history
  • View risk assessments
  • Check escalation trends
  • Issue restraining orders
  • Order electronic monitoring
  • Impose protection measures

👉 Judges rely heavily on VioGén for sentencing and protection decisions.

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👩‍⚖️ Prosecutors — YES

• Full legal access
• Can:
  • Evaluate lethality risk
  • Argue for custody removal
  • Demand GPS tagging
  • Request pre-trial detention

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👩‍⚕️ Social Services — LIMITED BUT YES

• Can access risk classifications & safety plans
• Can:
  • Coordinate protection services
  • Activate emergency housing
  • Apply financial aid
  • Support child protection services

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🏥 Healthcare & Mental Health Services — LIMITED

• Can access:
  • Risk alerts
  • Safeguarding notifications
• Can trigger:
  • Mandatory police referral in high-risk cases

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👩‍⚖️ Lawyers — PARTIAL / INDIRECT

Lawyers do NOT have direct database access, BUT:

They can formally request VioGén reports through:

• Court proceedings
• Prosecutorial disclosure
• Judicial instruction

👉 This means:

• A victim’s lawyer can obtain the full risk assessment
• A defendant’s lawyer can access relevant risk classifications

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🚨 What Information Does VioGén Contain?

VioGén stores:

• All police reports
• Risk level classification:
  • Negligible
  • Low
  • Medium
  • High
  • Extreme
• Threat indicators
• Escalation history
• Previous protection orders
• Breaches of restraining orders
• Weapon risk
• Psychological risk markers
• Child risk markers
• Repeat offender tracking

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🧠 How Is Risk Calculated?

VioGén uses:

• Structured professional judgement
• Algorithmic risk modelling
• Police + victim interview data
• Threat escalation patterns
• Behavioural indicators

It dynamically updates risk as behaviour changes.

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🛡 What Happens When Risk Is High?

🔴 HIGH / EXTREME RISK PROTOCOL:

• Immediate police surveillance
• Direct victim contact
• Panic button devices
• Emergency relocation
• Rapid response patrols
• Possible GPS tagging of perpetrator
• Judicial fast-track measures

Spain is one of the only countries in the world where electronic tagging + police monitoring has reduced domestic homicide to near zero in protected cases.

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🌍 Can Other EU Countries See VioGén?

❌ No automatic cross-border sharing exists.

However:

• Through European Protection Orders (EPO)
• And judicial cooperation channels

Authorities can request information if legal proceedings exist.

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⚠ Key Limitation

VioGén only includes reported cases.

This means:

• If abuse is not reported, it is not logged
• Psychological & coercive abuse often goes underreported

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🏛 Why Spain Is the EU Gold Standard

Spain is considered Europe’s best practice model because it has:

✅ Centralised national system
✅ Real-time risk monitoring
✅ Multi-agency coordination
✅ Electronic tagging
✅ Rapid response policing
✅ Survivor-centred safety protocols

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🔑 Bottom Line

Yes — in Spain:

Authority	Can Check Abuse Risk?
Police	✅ Full access
Guardia Civil	✅ Full access
Courts / Judges	✅ Full access
Prosecutors	✅ Full access
Social Services	✅ Limited access
Lawyers	⚠ Indirect access via court

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