In Spain, a final criminal conviction is generally recorded in the Central Criminal Records Register (Registro Central de Penados), which is maintained by the Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Parliamentary Relations of Spain.

Here’s how it works:

• Final convictions only. A conviction is entered once it becomes final (sentencia firme), meaning ordinary appeals have been exhausted or the time for appealing has expired.
• What is recorded? The register contains information such as the offence, the court, the sentence imposed, and the date the judgment became final.
• Who can access it? It is not a public register. Access is restricted to:
  • the individual concerned (who can request their own criminal record certificate),
  • courts and prosecutors when authorized by law,
  • certain public authorities where legislation permits access, and
  • in some circumstances, immigration authorities when assessing applications where the law allows them to verify criminal record information.
• How long does it remain? A conviction is not automatically erased when the sentence ends. It remains on the register until it is eligible for cancellation (cancelación de antecedentes penales). The waiting period depends on the seriousness of the sentence and starts only after the sentence has been fully served and the person has not reoffended during the applicable period.

For someone with two final domestic violence convictions whose appeals have been rejected, those convictions would ordinarily remain recorded in the Central Criminal Records Register until they become eligible for cancellation and the cancellation process is completed.