Q & A – What is cortisol ?

Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. It belongs to a class of hormones called glucocorticoids and is often referred to as the “stress hormone” because it is released in response to stress.

Cortisol plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, and the body’s response to stress. Its levels naturally fluctuate throughout the day, with the highest levels occurring in the morning to help wake you up and prepare for the day, and the lowest levels at night to facilitate sleep.

When faced with a stressful situation, cortisol is released into the bloodstream. This triggers a series of physiological responses known as the “fight-or-flight” response, which prepares the body to deal with the perceived threat. Cortisol increases blood sugar levels, suppresses the immune system, and enhances the brain’s use of glucose, providing a burst of energy to respond to the stressor.

However, chronically elevated levels of cortisol due to prolonged stress can have negative impacts on health. Here are some of the ways excessive cortisol can affect the body:

Suppressed immune system: Long-term exposure to high levels of cortisol can weaken the immune system, making you more susceptible to infections and diseases.
Weight gain: Cortisol can influence appetite and promote the storage of fat, particularly around the abdomen. This can lead to weight gain and increase the risk of obesity-related conditions.
Impaired cognitive function: Prolonged cortisol elevation can negatively impact memory, concentration, and overall cognitive function.
Increased blood pressure: Cortisol helps regulate blood pressure, but excessive levels can contribute to hypertension (high blood pressure), which increases the risk of cardiovascular problems.
Sleep disturbances: Elevated cortisol levels, especially at night, can interfere with the sleep cycle, making it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep.
Mood disorders: Imbalances in cortisol levels have been associated with anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders.

It’s important to note that cortisol itself is not inherently bad, as it serves essential functions in the body. It becomes problematic when there is chronic or excessive exposure to cortisol due to ongoing stress. Managing stress through healthy coping mechanisms, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and social support, can help regulate cortisol levels and promote overall well-being.