ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that significantly impact an individual’s functioning and development. ADHD is typically diagnosed in childhood, although it can persist into adolescence and adulthood.

There are three subtypes of ADHD recognized by the DSM-5:

1. Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: This subtype is characterized by difficulties with sustaining attention, being easily distracted, forgetfulness, disorganization, and struggling to follow instructions or complete tasks.
2. Predominantly Hyperactive/Impulsive Presentation: This subtype involves hyperactivity and impulsivity without significant inattention. Individuals with this subtype often exhibit excessive fidgeting, restlessness, difficulty staying seated, impulsiveness in decision-making, interrupting others, and engaging in risk-taking behaviors.
3. Combined Presentation: This subtype involves a combination of both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.

ADHD is believed to have a complex interplay of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors contributing to its development. It can affect various areas of life, including academic performance, relationships, self-esteem, and overall well-being.

Treatment for ADHD typically involves a multimodal approach that may include:

1. Behavioral interventions: Strategies such as creating structured routines, providing clear instructions, and implementing organizational techniques can help manage symptoms and improve functioning.
2. Medication: Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) or amphetamine (Adderall), are commonly prescribed to reduce symptoms and improve attention and impulse control. Non-stimulant medications, like atomoxetine (Strattera), may also be used.
3. Psychoeducation and support: Education about ADHD, counseling, and support groups can provide individuals and their families with a better understanding of the disorder and strategies for coping with its challenges.

It’s important to consult with a qualified healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, for a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis of ADHD. They can provide appropriate guidance and develop an individualized treatment plan based on the specific needs and circumstances of each person.

 © Linda C J Turner