Attachment theory identifies several types of attachment that develop between infants and their caregivers. These attachment styles, initially proposed by Mary Ainsworth through her “Strange Situation” study, highlight the various ways infants connect and relate to their primary caregivers. Here are the primary types:

1. Secure Attachment: Children with secure attachment feel confident in exploring their environment because they know they have a secure base in their caregiver. They seek comfort and support from the caregiver when distressed but can easily return to exploring once reassured.
2. Ambivalent/Resistant Attachment: Children with this attachment style tend to be anxious and uncertain in their interactions with the caregiver. They may seek close proximity but show resistance or ambivalence to comfort when distressed.
3. Avoidant Attachment: Children with avoidant attachment often seem emotionally distant and avoid seeking comfort or contact with the caregiver, especially when distressed. They may appear self-reliant and less inclined to seek assistance.
4. Disorganized Attachment: This type is marked by inconsistent and often contradictory behaviors. Children with disorganized attachment may display a mix of behaviors from other attachment styles, such as seeking comfort and then avoiding it or showing confusion in their responses to the caregiver.

These attachment styles emerge based on the caregiver’s responsiveness, consistency, and support in meeting the child’s needs. A secure attachment typically develops when caregivers are sensitive to their child’s cues, providing comfort and support, while other styles may emerge due to inconsistent, neglectful, or abusive caregiving.

Understanding these attachment styles helps identify patterns in relationships and can guide interventions to support healthy attachment formation between caregivers and children.

Copyright © Linda C J Turner 2023